Evaluating Sources: Using the 5 W's, created by Reynolds Libraries (YouTube video)
When evaluating either online or print resources for a research assignment or paper, ask the following questions from the evaluation criteria checklist below:
Evaluation Criteria Checklist - The 5 W's
Who? |
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What? |
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Where? |
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When? |
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Why? |
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Fake News, Part I: Types of Misinformation, created by Diana (YouTube video)
How to understand Misinformation, Disinformation and Malinformation, created by Shout Out UK (YouTube video)
There are four broad categories of news sources, according to media professor Melissa Zimdars of Merrimack College.
No single topic falls under a single category - for example, false or misleading medical news may be entirely fabricated (Category 1), may intentionally misinterpret facts or misrepresent data (Category 2), may be accurate or partially accurate but use an alarmist title to get your attention (Category 3) or may be a critique on modern medical practice (Category 4.) Some articles fall under more than one category. It is up to you to critically evaluate your sources to determine if they are reliable or not.
A deepfake is a phony video that looks real. With the increasing advancements in computer performance and techniques, face swap superimposes a face onto the face of someone else in a video. The result is that anybody can be made to look like they love or hate anything. The video can be produced entirely by using actors, whose faces are replaced with a celebrity such as a movie star, politician or news anchor, and it appears very real to the casual viewer. See face swap.
As deepfake video techniques improve, there are onerous implications for the future. Videos are highly persuasive when they "supposedly" come from prominent people. Although computer analysis can likely determine a fake video even as they get more realistic, that detection is after the fact and after the damage is done. (Definition taken from PC Magazine Encyclopedia)
How artificial intelligence is being used to create ‘deepfakes’ online, created by PBS News Hour
Recognizing Disinformation, created by Share America (YouTube video)
How to Spot Fake News, created by Fact Check.org
How to Spot Fake News PDF format. Infographic taken from The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
Professor Melissa Zimdars (Merrimack College) compiled a list ot tips how to spot a fake news site:
The Importance of Fact-checking, created by Co-Inform H2020 EU Project (YouTube video)
Becoming a fact checker, created by University of Arizona Libraries (YouTube video)